LAM: Mother, Mom, Mother, respectable woman, a woman who has or had children.
Pacha: Earth, soil, location, region, country, space, world, cosmos, events, everything. Just as the Christian heaven is not reducible to heaven cosmographic, we can limit the PACHA MAMA tellurism solely to land and geological and palpable. In the Quechua language, it is also not named Pacha but jallpa . The PASHA, the land in question here has a deep meaning much larger, which also includes the visible aspect of the event. In his book Culture Callawaya (1963), Enrique Poblete Oblitas emphasizes the proper nirvanic earth in mystics Kallawaya. " The holy land is the nirvana of Kallawaya, where are the supreme bliss, peace and pure love that the world does not know. By his death, the Indian, he was noble, is deified . It becomes mountain, lake, river, forest. " Jallpaman chincaicapunmi, "it got lost in the land" , that is to say, after having lived his personal life, he identified himself with the Pacha Mama, the virgin soil, turning in her womb, the belly of the Goddess. Manqa Pasha the underworld, also called ukhu Pacha, is not the terrifying world filled with demons What depicts the Catholic missionaries. For Kallawaya, rather it is paradise. And the superior man, when he dies, turns into flower, mountain, lake. He becomes one with the Goddess.
PASHA: The Goddess is also the synthesis of three worlds. PASHA is the term also referred to these worlds in the Andean world view: Alaj Pasha, the sky, the earth literally from on high; Aka Pacha , literally the land of here and finally, Manqa Pacha, the underworld. The latter, as we have seen, was demonized by a Christian understanding undue. But it is actually the world of germ which is still not happened, principled, latent, unmanifested. It is also the place that welcomes us when we die, the belly of Mother Earth, her stay blessed. Therefore, the Pacha Mama is not only the Goddess of life, but it is also a deity of death, particularly in its designation of Antor . In his dictionary of mythology Aymara (1999), Mario Montaño Aragón, who also spoke of nirvana LBS , poses a dual equation for the Pacha Mama: Time + Death = Earth (world) + Life. Earth (world) + Time + Life = Death. To be understood in its full extent, this double equation require a careful study of indigenous conceptions of death, but this however is beyond the scope of my presentation.
PASHA: So far, the etymology of the word evoked especially concepts related to space. However, PACHA also means time, time, eon, cycle, fixed point in history, all together. The Pacha Mama is indeed the Earth Mother, but it is also the Goddess of the entire event, the Goddess of Space-Time. The time which we refer here, however, is inseparable from the world, so we should rather talk to her about "time-world." This is not an abstract time and isolated. Note that in the Andean world view, space and time are absolutely inseparable and that the entire organization of the indigenous community is imbued with this conception. The concept of health depends also, it being understood in a holistic, contextualized in a set with all the ambient environment, including community and social life. To mark the idea that it is the All, the whole event, it gratifies the Goddess of expressions such as Jinantin pachaptiksi yukuchunku , "from one extreme to the other of the universe "," confined to one another. "Or again: Jinantin Tiksi Muyu Pasha " whole face of the earth, "" Everybody sensitive ".
The cult PACHA MAMA is lost in the mists of time and we find abundant traces in the Tiwanaku culture. It often represents the two heads, one for life and the other for death. Sometimes, but More rarely, it has three faces, representing the three stages or three worlds. It also takes the form of a Virgin and Child, this sole image in uniting the masculine and feminine principles. But although the fertility goddess par excellence, the Pacha Mama is not, in the Andean world view, equated with the creative principle itself. This role is rather devolved, for example, the male deity Viracocha, the indigenous Andean equate simply to God, or even at Pacha Tata, the male equivalent of the Goddess, her husband and brother. In the language of esoteric Kallawayas, called TATA KAMAÑITO PASHA, the Sun God as the Incas called it NRTIs. As for the Goddess, Kallawayas give the name of PACASMILI. The function of the cosmic PACHA MAMA is to protect and nourish. Unlike other deities, most distant and unconcerned Affairs human, the Pacha Mama is a goddess of proximity, immanent, close to its worshipers. A real mother, although not without some terrible aspect. She is the love and attention par excellence and the Indians make him well. Have you ever heard of Pacha Mama? Their devotion and faith is simply extraordinary.
Since the arrival of the Spaniards, who tried to extirpate idolatry , worship to the Pacha Mama was often disguised in the form of a Christianized adoration of the Virgin Mary. By its nature LBS, it is also equated with the Black Virgin of old Europe. We speak of disguise, but it seems that beyond the superposition of simple symbols and syncretism, it is in reality the most perfect symbiosis. That's why there are names designating the Aymara PACHA MAMA by words as evocative as Wirjin Tayka, which means Virgin Mother. Other expressions such as Holy Land, holy virgin soil appear frequently in the prayers and invocations addressed to him, which does nothing to deprive its indigenous character and pagan.
PACHA MAMA PACASMILI, is the goddess of nature, mother earth that feeds us and breastfeeding, which gives us life and happiness. She is the most beloved deity in the Andean world, not only because she is our mother, who assist us throughout life, but also because it gives us eternal peace when we die, we are allowing in within it. Even Kallawayas, for whom the sacred mountains and Machula have a hierarchical significance greater than in the Aymara spirituality, the Goddess continues to have a fundamental and major. It does not pass the day without the Kallawaya pray fervently.
By PASHA MAMIT are the nearest forests, sources, fruits, animals. By PASHA MAMIT are heat and cold, clouds and snow. The PASHA MAMIT is everywhere, in everything, on the surface of the earth as well as in its depths. Thus everything in the universe has the power to speak and is filled with his life. Minerals, precious stones, lithic formations, clays, llamas, rabbits, guinea pigs, toads, lizards are the essence of PACHA Mamit. The mountains, lakes, flowers are part of his life. In the Andean world, where nature is fond of enormity and beauty, the Pacha Mama sings the grandeur of his perpetual presence. And we, Kallawayas, we hear her singing in that of birds, deer in the rut and run-off water in the silent speech of the leaves of the sacred COCA LAM and the murmur of the wind.
Everything that exists on earth as good and useful, anything that gratifies the ear and sight, everything is love and affection, all that is nourishing the Pacha Mama.
But if PACHA MAMA PACASMILI, is the great protector, the god of origin, which manifests itself as the creator of all beings is TATA PASHA. Strictly speaking, the Sun God or KAMAÑITO, is the husband and the brother of the Goddess. It is in the sky, in the ether ( janawin in our esoteric language). It certainly gives warmth and life to all beings, but it seems more distant celestial busiest business and non-objective, more esoteric, too. PASHA without TATA beings would not exist and would be a PACHA MAMA Goddess of sadness as she passed her time forever mourn his loneliness. That is why in their prayers, invoking Kallawayas PACASMILI first and second KAMAÑITO because both deities are complementary. And we must not separate the lovers, is not it?
To further establish the position of PACASMILI in our esoteric doctrine, we can say that Kallawayas conceive the existence of three main deities are TUTUJANAWIN, and PACHAQAMAN UWARU KHOCHAJ. In the language Kallawaya, TUTUJANAWIN means "beginning and end of things," "Supreme Being". It comprises two opposite and complementary aspects that are KATUTUTU, the infinitely great and SIKUTUTU, the infinitely small. It is also called TUTU Nuki. There is fusion of opposites and Eclipse, the sum of all that exists and does not exist and beyond both. It is not given to human intelligence to understand it.
The second deity of the trinity Kallawaya is PACHAQAMAN, which means in the secret language "Supreme Day", "Supreme Light". Favorite son is just PACHAQAMAN KAMAÑITO, the Sun God. PACHAQAMAN also has two daughters: the Goddess or PASHA PACAS MILI MILI, better known under the name of Pacha Mama, OQO and the Goddess, which is the Moon. The two sisters are in constant struggle for the Moon Mistress jellies, cold rains and hurricanes. When he is thirsty, when hungry, when a heavy heart that the elements or threaten crops, Kallawaya turns to PACASMILI as Christians pray the Virgin Mary.
The third god, this is a kind of avatar, UWARO KHOCHA, who is the son of KAMAÑITO, son of the Sun. Its name means "one who walks straight. Always dressed in white and surrounded by light, it was in the distant past, sent to earth to recall the words of the gods and the teachings of love PACHAQAMAN: without caste or hierarchy, love you and banish envy and jealousy your heart. It UWARO KHOCHA who instituted the triple command that is still in force in the Andean world: ama sua, ama Llull, ama qhella , "do not steal, do not lie, do not be lazy." This ethical code is entered in the New Constitution of the Bolivian State, setting up Tata Evito by our president. Many centuries after this first visit to the men, UWARO KHOCHA after a bright appearance, incarnated in an Inca who took named Viracocha. Many legends describe this avatar as a white male. For the Aymara, the god Viracocha, God and white avatar, is said to have founded the holy city of Tiwanaku. A myth Kallawaya ensures that the spirit of Viracocha is now embodied in the sacred mountain AKAMANI TATA, which is MACHU.
PACHA MAMA: The PACHA MAMA unifies time and space. The past, present and future are born to her and return. It is the matrix universal and eternal. The great gods of the mountains, the "places" powerful and sacred, ancestors - Machula or Inca, demons and evil spirits, all are born to it, are monitored and protected by it. Man today too, so that all its property - land, house and animals - was born of her, was nursed by her, has grown with her, and he will return to it until his death.
PACHA MAMA has three different modes of being:
1 - Almost every year, it is the generative principle. It receives the seed and germinated. It is passive, receptive, productive and generous. She asks for nothing, she feels nothing, and man is free to sow, cultivate, harvest, according to the seasons.
2 - A few days ago where she is like a woman. These days are the first to the August 6, Dec. 29 and Jan. 1, the day of Saint John (June 24), Trinity (the Sunday before Corpus) and Holy Tuesday. It is then forbidden to work the land, under pain of death. For those days, the earth smells, it suffers from being processed materials. However, she receives gifts, foods, beverages.
3 - Once a year, during Holy Week, the land dies. For the peasant, his death is very real and terrible. During Holy Week, she can not control the deadly spirit called SOQA or demons that live in rivers and lakes, or the demons of hail, snow and wind, coming to steal the crops. (Rosalind Gow and Bernabé Condori)
link between the Goddess and men is a reciprocal relationship: she loves them and feeds them while men offer him love and respect, rituals and mesas , following its natural laws .
Bibliographie:
- Rosalind Gow et Barnabas Condori, Kay Pacha (Cette vie), 1999, sans mention d'éditeur .
- Mario Montaño Aragón, Dictionary of Mythology Aymara, op. cit.
- Oblitas Enrique Poblete, Culture Callaway, ed. Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, 1963 .
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